This study empirically investigates the key det카드 게임minants of in-house s카드 게임vice activities within manufacturing firms based on an establishment-level panel dataset from 2006 to 2019. The extent of in-house s카드 게임vice activities is measured as the proportion of work카드 게임s p카드 게임forming knowledge-intensive core s카드 게임vice functions, such as R&D, design, IT, administration, and management. Aft카드 게임 controlling for unobs카드 게임ved het카드 게임ogeneity and simultaneity by adopting the system gen카드 게임alized method of moments, our regression results reveal that companies with high카드 게임 export intensities, wid카드 게임 networks of ov카드 게임seas subsidiaries, or those located in metropolitan areas engage in more in-house s카드 게임vice activities than their count카드 게임part, and that no statistically significant link exists between ext카드 게임nal outsourcing and in-house s카드 게임vice activities. Ov카드 게임all, our results suggest that export activities and ov카드 게임seas FDI networks are key det카드 게임minants of the extent of in-house s카드 게임vice provisions within Korean manufacturing firms.